“Turkish Charterers unable to rely on Turkish statute allowing direct action against a P&I Club and ordered to arbitrate in London under Club Rules. But the "pay to be paid" rule means they are unlikely to recover.”

“In an international purchase contract dispute, a claimant that was not obliged to publish accounts and had not revealed any information about its financial position was required to provide security for costs.”

“An innoncent party may lawfully terminate a contract where at least one of a number of breaches was repudiatory, even though others were not, or were capable of being remedied on notice.”

“Under the terms of a charter party calling for “one trip time charter,” the charterer was allowed to order the vessel to load a further cargo after the initial cargo had been discharged.”

“Under English law the Hague Rules “as enacted” means the Hague Rules “as amended” being the Hague-Visby Rules.”

“Commercial Court rejects Owners’ arguments of (i) agency, (ii) incorporation and (iii) express agreement and also considers their delay in applying is sufficient to reject Owners’ anti-suit injunction against Nigerian cargo claim in Nigeria.”